Clinical articles
Educational articles for eye care clinicians, written from published research with every source linked.
Reading Eye Tracking: What Eye Movement Recordings Show During Reading
What a reading eye tracking test records (fixations, regressions, return sweeps and binocular disparity), typical values from research, and the limits clinicians should know.
Updated
The DEM Test: How It Works, How It's Scored, and What the Research Says
How the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test™ works: vertical and horizontal times, the adjusted time and ratio, the four result patterns, reliability, language norms and what research says it measures.
Updated
VR for Amblyopia: What Dichoptic and Binocular Treatment Trials Show
What randomised trials and FDA records show about VR and dichoptic treatment for amblyopia: PEDIG, Luminopia, CureSight, BRAVO and Cochrane, with ages, adherence and open questions.
Updated
Video Games and VR for Convergence Insufficiency: What the Trials Show
What CITT, CITT-ART, PEDIG, Cochrane and newer VR trials show about computer, game-based and VR vergence therapy for convergence insufficiency, including adherence and open questions.
Updated
Red/Blue and Red/Green Glasses in Vision Therapy: MFBF, Anti-Suppression and the Evidence
How red/blue and red/green anaglyph glasses separate what each eye sees, how they are used for MFBF and anti-suppression, practical calibration issues, and what the trials show.
Updated
Saccades, Pursuits and Fixation: What Objective Eye-Movement Testing Measures
What objective eye-movement testing measures for saccades, smooth pursuit and fixation stability, how it compares with observational tests like the NSUCO, how measures change with age, and what limits data quality.
Updated
Binocular Vision Assessment: A Practical Test Battery and Workflow
What a binocular vision assessment includes, a sensible test order, published reference values and how they were derived, test repeatability, the CISS symptom survey, and where instrument-based testing fits.
Updated
Measuring Eye Alignment: Cover Test, Krimsky and Hess Screen
How the cover-uncover, alternate prism cover, Hirschberg, Krimsky and Hess/Lancaster tests measure eye alignment, how repeatable they are, when each is used, and what studies show about eye-tracking alternatives.
Updated
Worth 4 Dot Test: Setup, Responses and Interpretation
How the Worth 4 Dot test works, near versus distance testing and what target size implies about suppression, how to read responses, and its limits: filter leakage, luminance, colour vision and agreement with other tests.
Updated
Near Point of Convergence: Measuring It Well and Its Limits
How to measure the near point of convergence (NPC): break and recovery, target choice, the RAF rule, published reference values and where they came from, repeatability, and its place in convergence insufficiency and concussion research (VOMS).
Updated
Visual Reaction Time Testing: What It Measures and Its Limits
What visual reaction time and visual-motor tests measure, why results differ between systems, practice effects and reliability, age effects, and what the evidence says about sports performance.
Updated
Stereoacuity Tests Compared: Randot, TNO, Titmus, Frisby, Digital and VR
How Titmus, Randot, TNO, Lang and Frisby stereotests separate the two eyes, why they give different thresholds, how much change is real, published values for children, and what digital and VR stereotests show so far.
Updated
Fusional Vergence Ranges and Vergence Facility: Measurement and Limits
How to measure positive and negative fusional vergence and vergence facility, why prism bar and phoropter results differ, how much change is real, Sheard's and Percival's criteria, published values, and instrument-based measurement.
Updated
Gaze Stability and the VOR: What Clinic Testing Measures
How the vestibulo-ocular reflex keeps gaze stable, what vHIT, dynamic visual acuity and the gaze stabilization test measure, their reliability and artifacts, and where eye-care clinic testing fits versus vestibular assessment.
Updated
Eye Movements After Concussion and TBI: What Eye Tracking Can and Can't Show
What research shows about vision and eye-movement problems after concussion and mild TBI, screening tools such as VOMS and King-Devick, eye-tracking research and FDA records, vision rehabilitation evidence, and the limits of each.
Updated
Clinical Eye-Tracking Systems for Eye Care: A Factual Comparison (October 2026)
A dated, sourced comparison of eye-tracking systems marketed to eye care clinics: RightEye, the Thomson Clinical Eye Tracker 5L and Hundred Vision's Luma, with EyeBOX for context. FDA records, hardware, tests, published research and pricing.
Updated